Null Pointer in C

In C programming language, a null pointer is a pointer that has a value of “null”, or “0”. A null pointer is a pointer that does not point to any memory location. It is often used to indicate that a pointer is not currently pointing to a valid memory location.

Uses of NULL Pointer in C :
Null pointers are commonly used in C for various purposes, such as initializing pointers, testing pointers for validity, and terminating linked lists. Here are some examples of how null pointers are used in C:

1. Initializing pointers –
When declaring a pointer, it is a good practice to initialize it to a null value. This ensures that the pointer is not pointing to an arbitrary memory location. Here’s an example:

int *ptr = NULL;

This initializes the pointer “ptr” to a null value.

2. Testing for validity –
Null pointers are commonly used to test whether a pointer is valid or not. This can be done using a simple if-statement. Here’s an example:

int *ptr = NULL;
if (ptr == NULL) {
    printf("Pointer is null\n");
} else {
    printf("Pointer is not null\n");
}

This checks whether “ptr” is a null pointer or not, and prints a message accordingly.

3. Terminating linked lists –
In C, linked lists are often terminated with a null pointer. This indicates the end of the list, and prevents the program from accessing invalid memory. Here’s an example:

struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *next;
};

struct node *head = NULL;
struct node *curr = NULL;
while (condition) {
    struct node *new_node = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    new_node->data = value;
    new_node->next = NULL;

    if (head == NULL) {
        head = new_node;
        curr = new_node;
    } else {
        curr->next = new_node;
        curr = new_node;
    }
}

This creates a linked list of nodes, and sets the “next” field of the last node to a null pointer, indicating the end of the list.

Note:
It’s important to note that when working with null pointers, it’s important to check for null values before attempting to dereference the pointer. Dereferencing a null pointer can result in undefined behavior, such as a segmentation fault or a system crash.

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