String in C

In C programming language, a string is a sequence of characters that are stored in an array of characters. The string is terminated with a null character (‘\0’) which marks the end of the string.

In C, strings are stored as arrays of characters, and each character in the array represents a character in the string. For example, the string “hello” would be stored as an array of characters:

char string[] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

or more commonly, it can be declared using double quotes as:

char string[] = "hello";

Strings can be manipulated in C using a number of built-in functions, such as strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp(), etc.

Here are some basic operations that can be performed on strings in C:

1. String declaration and initialization –

   char string1[20];           // declaration
   char string2[] = "hello";   // declaration and initialization
   

2. String concatenation –

   char string1[] = "hello";
   char string2[] = "world";
   strcat(string1, string2);   // string1 now stores "helloworld"
   

3. String comparison –

   char string1[] = "hello";
   char string2[] = "world";
   int result = strcmp(string1, string2);
   // if result is 0, strings are equal
   // if result is negative, string1 is less than string2
   // if result is positive, string1 is greater than string2
   

4. String length –

   char string[] = "hello";
   int length = strlen(string); // length is 5
   

Note that in C, strings are null-terminated, which means that the null character marks the end of the string. This is important to keep in mind when manipulating strings, to avoid buffer overflow and other errors.

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