Programming is all about data structures and algorithms. Data structures are used to hold data while algorithms are used to solve the problem using that data. Data structures and algorithms (DSA) goes through solutions to standard problems in detail and gives you an insight into how efficient it is to use each one of them. It also teaches… Read More »
In an operating system, deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process. For example, in the below diagram, Process 1 is holding Resource 1 and waiting for resource 2 which is acquired by process 2, and process 2… Read More »
Deadlock and Starvation both are the conditions where the processes requesting for a resource has been delayed for a long. Although deadlock and starvation both are different from each other in many aspects. 1. Deadlock : Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another… Read More »
If a table has data redundancy and is not properly normalized, then it will be difficult to handle and update the database, without facing data loss. It will also eat up extra memory space and Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies are very frequent if database is not normalized. Normalization : Normalization is the process of minimizing redundancy from… Read More »
OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It has been developed by ISO – ‘International Organization of Standardization‘, in the year 1984. It is a 7 layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe. In the OSI reference model,… Read More »
Database Management System (DBMS) is a system software for easy, efficient and reliable data processing and management. It can be used for: Creation of a database. Updating the database. Managing a database. Retrieval of information from the database. Need of DBMS : Database systems are basically developed for large amount of data. When dealing with huge amount of… Read More »
An entity relationship (ER) diagram, is a graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other. ER modelling is based on two concepts: Entities, defined as tables that hold specific information (data) Relationships, defined as the associations or interactions between entities Recursive Relationship : When there is a relationship between two entities of the same type, it… Read More »
To understand system calls, first one needs to understand the difference between kernel mode and user mode of a CPU. Every modern operating system supports these two modes. In computing, a system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on. A system… Read More »
Transport Layer is the second layer of the TCP/IP model. It is an end-to-end layer used to deliver messages to a host. It is termed as an end-to-end layer because it provides a point-to-point connection rather than hop-to- hop, between the source host and destination host to deliver the services reliably. The unit of data encapsulation in Transport… Read More »
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications. C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory. C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language. Language designers: Bjarne Stroustrup Language paradigms: Object-oriented program. There are various published Versions of C++ : C++98, C++03, C++11,… Read More »